DIGITAL THEOLOGY THE ROLE OF KALAM SCIENCE IN CYBER-RELIGIOSITY

Abstract

The advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed the ways in which religious beliefs and practices are expressed, experienced, and disseminated. In this new paradigm, religiosity is no longer confined to ritualistic and institutional boundaries but has expanded into what is termed as cyber-religiosity—religious expression and interaction facilitated through digital platforms such as social media, online forums, and religious apps. This transformation has shifted the structure of religious authority and allowed the emergence of diverse interpretations, ideas, and practices that often diverge from established theological frameworks. As a result, this creates complex challenges concerning the authenticity, rationality, and ethics of contemporary religious practices. Moreover, religious experiences in digital spaces tend to be personalized, interactive, and influenced by algorithmic exposure. This condition requires a renewed approach in theology, particularly Ilmu Kalam, to respond to theological questions that arise in virtual environments. By understanding the dynamics of cyber-religiosity, scholars and religious practitioners can better engage with digital audiences while maintaining the core values ​​of their faith traditions.