THE RESPONSIBILITY OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN TRANSNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
Abstract
The development of globalization has driven the increase in multinational corporate activities operating across countries and playing a significant role in global economic growth. However, in addition to providing economic benefits, the activities of multinational corporations also have the potential to cause various human rights violations, such as labor exploitation, the use of child labor, the deprivation of indigenous people's rights, environmental pollution, and violations of health and safety rights. This research aims to analyze the responsibility of multinational corporations in transnational human rights violations, examine the effectiveness of legal instruments regulating corporate accountability, and identify the obstacles faced by victims in obtaining justice. This research uses normative legal research methods with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The data used are secondary data obtained thru library research on various regulations, doctrines, and relevant literature. The research results show that the transnational character of multinational corporations causes complexity in determining legal responsibility because it involves various jurisdictions, parent companies, subsidiaries, and global supply chains. Moreover, international instruments regulating corporate responsibility are still dominated by provisions of a soft law nature, making their effectiveness highly dependent on the commitment of companies and state policies. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen national and international regulations, implement human rights due diligence, and enhance inter-state cooperation to ensure the protection of human rights and the accountability of multinational corporations in global business activities.
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